Proteins and free amino acids Protein contents of above 40% have been reported, but the typical range is 7.5 to 35% Contains all 22 amino acids humans need to live. High amounts of proline and hydroxyproline building blocks for collagen. 30 grams (two tablespoons) of pollen a day satisfies the human need for amino-acids.
Sugars (mono-, di-, oligo- saccharides) Sugar content ranges from 15 to 50% and starch content is very high (up to 18%) in some windpollinated grasses (Schmidt and Buchmann, 1992). Pollen has mono-saccharides which can be directly absorbed by the gut without enzymatic intervention.
200 enzymes enzymes, coenzymes, and hormones (including growth hormones) that may be at least partially active in humans. The antioxidant enzyme superoxide- dismutase (sod) is commonly found in pollen.
Lipids - Primarily free unsaturated fatty acids, lecithin/ phospholipids (the main compounds in the structure of biological membranes), and phytosterols/ cholesterol (the main precursor of bile acids and steroid hormones). Lipids in pollen are an important energy source. Some esters of the free fatty acids are considered growth factors- Auxins, brassins, gibberellines, and kinins. Levels low in anemophile (wind pollinated) plants 2% Levels high in entomophile (insect pollinated) 14%
Vitamins - hydro and lipid soluble act as enzyme cofactors B1 Thiamin 9.2mcg/gram of Pollen B2 Riboflavin 18.5 B3 Niacinimide 200 B5 Pantothenic acid 30-50 B6 Pyridoxine 5 B9 Folic acid 3-7 A 0.5-0.9 (very low) C 7-15mg.
• Hydrooxycinnamic acid (HCA) amides are involved with flowering but have anti-viral and antibiotic activities
• Flavinoids-antioxidants,anti-inflam, anti-cancer, piments (red,yellow,purple)
• Carotinoids- antioxidants, pigments(yellow and orange),
• Gonadotropins- stimulate the testes and ovaries
• Estrogenic cmpds.- compete with and substitute for estrogens at different times
• Rutin- anti-inflam, anti-oxidant, decreased platelet aggregation
• Phytosterols- decrease cholesterol, help the heart
• Lecithin- phospholipid, part of all cell walls, decrease cholesterol

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