Thus, treatment with a 20%, propolis solution in 55%ethanol resulted in 100% mortality rate at a contact time of 5s regardless of the origins of the propolis. However, treatment with 5% of propolis (Eastern hararge) narcosis lasted from 37.8 ± 4.41% to 30 ± 5% at 5s and 10s contact times respectively and 100% mortal at 20s contact time.

Propolis varroa 1.pdf (475.83 kb)

Propolis varroa 2.pdf (189.57 kb)

Propolis varroa 3.pdf (891.01 kb)

PropolisRabbitTreatment.pdf (829.92 kb)