Extraction of naringin

Author: Administrator | Posted: 25. December 2021 09:55

Pomelo is an unusual citrus fruit known as Citrus grandis. Grapefruit (Citrus x paradisi) is the result of crossing the pomelo and the sweet orange (Citrus sinensis). Recently, pomelo peels have been studied as a potential natural source of naringin [8]. This method successfully demonstrated an improvement over the typical procedure used for obtaining flavanone glycoside from citrus pomelo dry peels: 2.4% yield (w/w) against direct hot water extraction (1.12% w/w) or other less efficient methods.
Apigenin (5,7,4′-trihydroxy-flavone) is a compound distributed in different plants. It is considered as a nutraceutical component with low toxicity and has proven benefits in the health improvement of mammals, despite its limitations in terms of absorption and bioavailability. This flavone exhibits different pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anticancer activities.

The effect of a Citrus Fruit Extract high in the polyphenols hesperidin and naringin (CFE) on modulation of the composition and activity of the gut microbiota was tested in a validated, dynamic in vitro model of the colon (TIM-2). CFE was provided at two doses (250 and 350 mg/day) for 3 days. CFE led to a dose-dependent increase in Roseburia, Eubacterium ramulus, and Bacteroides eggerthii. There was a shift in production of short-chain fatty acids, where acetate production increased on CFE, while butyrate decreased. In overweight and obesity, acetate has been shown to increase fat oxidation when produced in the distal gut, and stimulate secretion of appetite-suppressive neuropeptides. Thus, the data in the in vitro model point towards mechanisms underlying the effects of the polyphenols in CFE with respect to modulation of the gut microbiota, both in composition and activity.

Naringenin has also been shown to reduce hepatitis C virus production by infected hepatocytes (liver cells) in cell culture. This seems to be secondary to naringenin's ability to inhibit the secretion of very-low-density lipoprotein by the cells.^[31] The antiviral effects of naringenin are currently under clinical investigation.^[32] Reports of antiviral effects on polioviruses, HSV-1 and HSV-2 have also been made, though replication of the viruses has not been inhibited.^[33]^[34] In in vitro experiments Naringenin also showed a strong antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2.